Category Archives: Month

Dinosaur Footprints on Bexhill Beach – 135 Million Years Old

Introduction

While exploring the foreshore at Bexhill Beach over the last couple of days, I came across several remarkable features preserved in the rock – dinosaur footprints dating back roughly 135 million years to the Early Cretaceous period.

Dinosaur footprint impression preserved in sandstone on the foreshore at Bexhill Beach, East Sussex
A dinosaur footprint preserved in the sandstone of the Ashdown Formation on the foreshore at Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex. The track dates to the Early Cretaceous period around 135 million years ago, when this area was a muddy river floodplain rather than coastline. Coastal erosion has revealed this ancient surface where dinosaurs once walked, preserving both footprint impressions and natural casts in the rock.

The Sussex coast exposes rocks from the Ashdown Formation, part of the Wealden Group. At the time these sediments were forming, this area wasn’t coastline at all. It was a warm river floodplain with muddy riverbanks, shallow lagoons and dense vegetation. Dinosaurs walked across these mudflats, leaving footprints that were buried by sediment and eventually turned into rock.

Coastal erosion along the foreshore is now slowly revealing parts of that ancient landscape again.


YouTube Video

I filmed several of these footprints during my visit and I’m currently putting together a short video explaining the tracks and how they formed.

👉 Subscribe to my YouTube channel here to see the video


Casts and Impressions

Interestingly, two different types of footprints can be seen on the Bexhill foreshore.

Dinosaur footprint impression preserved in sandstone on the foreshore at Bexhill Beach, East Sussex
A dinosaur footprint preserved in the sandstone of the Ashdown Formation on the foreshore at Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex. The track dates to the Early Cretaceous period around 135 million years ago, when this area was a muddy river floodplain rather than coastline. Coastal erosion has revealed this ancient surface where dinosaurs once walked, preserving both footprint impressions and natural casts in the rock.

📍 Google Maps location: 50.837650, 0.483188

📍 what3words: ///newest.icons.slides,

Some appear as raised shapes, known as natural casts. These form when a dinosaur footprint fills with sediment which later hardens. As the surrounding rock erodes away, the filled footprint can remain standing proud of the surface.

A dinosaur footprint preserved in the sandstone of the Ashdown Formation on the foreshore at Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex. The track dates to the Early Cretaceous period around 135 million years ago, when this area was a muddy river floodplain rather than coastline. Coastal erosion has revealed this ancient surface where dinosaurs once walked, preserving both footprint impressions and natural casts in the rock.

📍 Google Maps location: 50.836672, 0.475356

📍 what3words: ///gained.gent.funded

Others appear as true impressions – the actual depressions left when a dinosaur stepped into soft mud millions of years ago.

Finding both types close together strongly suggests that the rock surface represents part of the original ancient mudflat where dinosaurs once walked.


What Dinosaur Made These Tracks?

The footprints show the classic three-toed (tridactyl) shape typical of ornithopod dinosaurs, a group that includes animals such as Iguanodon which are well known from the Wealden rocks of Sussex.

A dinosaur footprint preserved in the sandstone of the Ashdown Formation on the foreshore at Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex. The track dates to the Early Cretaceous period around 135 million years ago, when this area was a muddy river floodplain rather than coastline. Coastal erosion has revealed this ancient surface where dinosaurs once walked, preserving both footprint impressions and natural casts in the rock.

Palaeontologists usually classify footprints by their track type rather than a specific species, but the general form is consistent with plant-eating dinosaurs that roamed this region during the Early Cretaceous.


Location

Several people have asked where these footprints can be found.

They are located on the foreshore near Bexhill when the tide is very low, as the rock platform needs to be exposed.

See the google and what3words above under each photo.

Because the footprints are on the intertidal rock platform, they are best viewed around low tide.


A Glimpse Into Deep Time

Standing on this rock today, it’s quite remarkable to think that the surface beneath your feet was once a muddy riverbank walked on by dinosaurs over 135 million years ago.

Dinosaur footprint impression preserved in sandstone on the foreshore at Bexhill Beach, East Sussex
A dinosaur footprint preserved in the sandstone of the Ashdown Formation on the foreshore at Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex. The track dates to the Early Cretaceous period around 135 million years ago, when this area was a muddy river floodplain rather than coastline. Coastal erosion has revealed this ancient surface where dinosaurs once walked, preserving both footprint impressions and natural casts in the rock.

Thanks to the constant action of the sea slowly wearing away the cliffs and foreshore, these ancient traces occasionally reappear – giving us a rare glimpse into a landscape from the age of dinosaurs.


If you visit the site, please take care around the rocks and avoid damaging the footprints so others can enjoy seeing them too.


If you’d like to see more locations like this across Sussex, you can explore them on the Sussex Photography map collection on the site.

Toad Rock, Rusthall Common

Introduction

Toad Rock is one of the most distinctive sandstone formations in the Tunbridge Wells area. Perched on Rusthall Common just west of Royal Tunbridge Wells, the rock appears almost sculpted — its rounded upper section balanced on a narrower base, giving it the familiar “toad-like” shape that gives the landmark its name.

It is part of the same sandstone ridge system that runs through Tunbridge Wells Common, High Rocks and Eridge Rocks, forming one of the most interesting geological landscapes in the High Weald.


Short film from Rusthall Common and Toad Rock:

Just a short walk from Wellington Rocks on Tunbridge Wells Common, Rusthall Common reveals even more dramatic sandstone formations — including Bull’s Hollow, where sheer rock faces rise abruptly from the woodland floor.

Location: Rusthall Common, Kent
[View on Google Maps]
[See all mapped locations]


The Geology

Toad Rock is formed from the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation, laid down around 100 million years ago during the Lower Cretaceous period.

At that time, this part of southern England was a vast river delta. Sand and sediment carried by ancient rivers settled in layers and gradually compacted into sandstone. Over millions of years, erosion exposed the rock and sculpted the shapes visible today.

Toad Rock, Rusthall Common, Kent
Toad Rock on Rusthall Common near Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent. This distinctive weathered sandstone formation is part of the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation within the High Weald, shaped over millions of years into one of the area’s most recognisable natural landmarks.

The unusual perched shape of Toad Rock is the result of differential erosion — where softer layers of sandstone wear away more quickly than harder layers above them. The harder cap protects the rock beneath, leaving the characteristic overhanging form.

Iron minerals within the stone give the sandstone its warm brown and reddish tones, particularly visible after rain or in soft overcast light.


Victorian Visitors

Rusthall Common became a popular walking destination during the Georgian and Victorian periods, when visitors staying in Royal Tunbridge Wells would venture out to explore the surrounding countryside.

The dramatic rock formations were seen as romantic curiosities, and Toad Rock became one of the most photographed and described features in local guidebooks of the time.

Many of the surrounding rocks are just as impressive, though often overlooked by visitors focused on the famous “toad” itself.


Bull’s Hollow

Just across the Common from Toad Rock lies Bull’s Hollow, where sandstone cliffs rise sharply above the woodland.

The rock faces here reveal the scale of the sandstone ridge beneath the landscape. Unlike the more sculptural form of Toad Rock, Bull’s Hollow exposes the layered cliff structure of the formation, showing how erosion has cut through the sandstone over geological time.

It remains one of the most striking but lesser-known features of Rusthall Common.


Living With Ancient Stone

One of the most unusual aspects of the area is how closely modern life sits beside these ancient formations. Along nearby Upper Street, houses have been built directly beside and even around exposed sandstone outcrops.

The contrast is striking: homes only decades old standing next to rock formed a hundred million years ago.

It’s a reminder that these geological features long predate the town itself — and will likely remain long after.


Practical Info

Location: Rusthall Common, Kent
Access: Open common land with public access
Parking: Rusthall village or Tunbridge Wells Common
Best Time to Visit: Early morning or overcast conditions for photography
Nearby: Wellington Rocks, High Rocks, Eridge Rocks, Harrison Rocks

Toad Rock is more than just an unusual natural landmark. It is part of a wider sandstone landscape that defines the High Weald — a landscape shaped over millions of years and still quietly embedded in everyday life.

Wellington Rocks, Tunbridge Wells Common

Introduction

Wellington Rocks are a series of weathered sandstone outcrops rising from the open heath of Tunbridge Wells Common. Just above the historic spa town, these formations are part of the same sandstone belt that runs through Eridge, Rusthall and High Rocks — a continuous geological system straddling the Sussex–Kent border.

Shaped over millions of years, the rocks remain one of the most accessible and quietly impressive natural landmarks in the area.


Short film from Wellington Rocks:

A short walk west across the Common leads to Toad Rock on Rusthall Common, making this part of the High Weald one of the richest clusters of sandstone formations in southern England.

Location: Tunbridge Wells Common, Kent
[View on Google Maps]
[See all mapped locations]


The Geology

Wellington Rocks are formed from the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation, laid down approximately 100 million years ago during the Lower Cretaceous period.

Wellington rocks tunbridge wells common
Sandstone outcrops on Tunbridge Wells Common, known as Wellington Rocks, part of the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation in the High Weald. These weathered iron-rich rocks rise from open heathland just above the historic spa town of Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

At that time, this landscape was a vast river delta. Sand carried by ancient rivers settled in layers, eventually compacting into sandstone. Over geological time, uplift and erosion exposed the rock. Wind, rain and frost gradually sculpted the softer layers, creating the rounded forms, fissures and ledges visible today.

The iron content within the stone gives the rock its warm, earthy tones — particularly noticeable in soft overcast light or after rain.


Why “Wellington” Rocks?

The rocks were named in the 19th century after Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, reflecting the patriotic mood of the Victorian era. Tunbridge Wells was a fashionable spa town at the time, and public features were often given commemorative names.

The Common itself became an important leisure space, with visitors walking out from The Pantiles to enjoy fresh air and views over the surrounding countryside.


Common Land & Protection

Although much of Tunbridge Wells Common is privately owned, it is registered common land. This provides strong protection and preserves public access rights.

Occasionally, parts of the Common appear on the market as freehold interests change hands. However, common land status significantly restricts development and safeguards public access.

Ownership may change over time — the rocks remain.


Photographing Wellington Rocks

Wellington Rocks are best photographed in:

  • Overcast light (to preserve texture and avoid harsh contrast)
  • Early morning or late afternoon for soft directional light
  • Autumn and winter when foliage is thinner and the rock faces are more visible

The perimeter path allows you to walk around and over the outcrops, offering a variety of angles — from close textural studies to wider compositions including heathland and woodland.


Practical Info

Location: Tunbridge Wells Common, Kent
Access: Open access common land
Parking: Town centre / Common roadside parking
Best Time to Visit: Early morning for quiet conditions and soft light
Nearby: Rusthall Common (Toad Rock), The Pantiles, High Rocks


Wellington Rocks form part of a remarkable sandstone ridge system that defines this corner of the High Weald. A landscape shaped long before county lines were drawn — and one that continues to offer geology, history and open space in equal measure.

Landscape Photography Review 2025

2025 Photography Year in Review

2025 was a year of working closer to home and learning to respond to conditions rather than chase them. From misty dawns on the South Downs to woodland waterfalls in the High Weald and long exposures on Romney Marsh, this review brings together one standout image from each month — moments that best reflect how and where I photographed across the year.

Continue reading Landscape Photography Review 2025

December 2025: Sussex Photography Monthly Review

Introduction

December 2025 was dominated by wet, cold and overcast weather across East Sussex, which quietly shaped the direction of my photography. With wider landscapes often flat and uninviting, the focus naturally shifted into woodland, following streams and revisiting places that only reveal themselves after prolonged rainfall. The result was a month spent exploring seasonal waterfalls across the High Weald, interspersed with a handful of coastal and observational shoots.

This post brings together those December walks and discoveries, from hidden ghylls and temporary cascades to a final New Year’s Eve sunset at Beachy Head.

Continue reading December 2025: Sussex Photography Monthly Review

Hidden Waterfalls of Ashdown Forest After Heavy Rain

Introduction

Ashdown Forest is not known for permanent waterfalls, but after prolonged rain the landscape briefly transforms. Beneath the open heathland plateau, sandstone ledges and clay layers shed water quickly, feeding short-lived streams that cut into wooded ravines and momentarily bring hidden waterfalls to life. Miss the timing and these features disappear again, leaving little trace beyond damp rock and leaf-stained pools.

This walk followed one such stream after heavy December rainfall, linking three very different waterfalls: the hidden plunge of Mungo’s, the stepped Garden of Eden fall beside a footpath, and an unnamed woodland drop further downstream. Each only flows properly for a short window after rain, making timing far more important than season or popularity.

The short video below captures all three waterfalls in motion, followed by mapped references for context. The sections that follow look at each waterfall in turn, combining the walk itself with notes on geology, nature, and what makes these fleeting moments worth photographing in Ashdown Forest.

Continue reading Hidden Waterfalls of Ashdown Forest After Heavy Rain

Willingford Stream Waterfalls – Dallington Forest and Brightling Down

The Willingford Stream runs quietly through Dallington Forest and along the slopes of Brightling Down, but after prolonged rainfall it becomes one of the more rewarding winter locations on the High Weald. December’s cold, wet and overcast weather wasn’t ideal for wide landscapes, but it was perfect for returning to woodland streams and seasonal waterfalls.

This visit followed weeks of steady rain. In drier months the Willingford Stream is easy to overlook, but when water levels rise a series of small waterfalls and cascades begin to appear along its course.

Continue reading Willingford Stream Waterfalls – Dallington Forest and Brightling Down

Beckley Woods Waterfalls After Heavy Rain

Beckley Woods sits on the High Weald near the East Sussex–Kent border and is a place that only really reveals itself in the right conditions. After weeks of cold, overcast and windy weather, December brought sustained rainfall — the kind of weather that keeps most people indoors, but transforms woodland streams and gullies. When wider landscapes feel flat, waterfalls become the natural focus.

Continue reading Beckley Woods Waterfalls After Heavy Rain

November 2025 Photography Review – Sussex Walks, Coastlines and Autumn Light

Introduction

November brought a mix of short weather windows, local walks, and a few longer trips around the High Weald and South Downs. Most of the month was dominated by grey skies and fast-moving fronts, so every break in the weather turned into an opportunity to get out with the camera. From minimalist coastal scenes at Broomhill Sands, to long-exposure evenings on the Romney Marsh, to a series of drive-by shoots across the High Weald, the month produced a varied set of images and a lot of useful scouting for future locations. The final days brought clearer conditions on the cliffs at Birling Gap, rounding off the month with a couple of clean views across the Seven Sisters.

Continue reading November 2025 Photography Review – Sussex Walks, Coastlines and Autumn Light

Lost Churches of Romney Marsh – Hope, Midley, Eastbridge and Fairfield

Introduction

Romney Marsh once held dozens of small medieval parishes scattered across the wetland. Many disappeared as the land flooded, drained or shifted, leaving only fragments of stone, earthworks or a solitary church in the fields.

Before diving into each site, here is the full map of all locations:

All Map Locations – Romney Marsh Churches

Here is the long-form video that explores all four churches together:

This post breaks down each location separately, with individual map links and photos.


All Saints Church, Hope

One of the earliest medieval parishes on the Marsh, Hope was built in the 12th century and abandoned by the 1500s as the coastline shifted and the land became grazing marsh. Only fragments of walling survive beside the B2075, now surrounded by a modern sculpture park that occupies the old churchyard.

hope all saints romney marsh
hope all saints romney marsh

Map: All Saints Church, Hope View on Google Maps


Midley Church Ruins

Midley was founded in the 14th century on what was then an island of higher ground in the Marsh. Flooding and silting forced the parish to be abandoned by the 1500s, and the church was gradually robbed for stone. Today only the lone west arch stands in the field — one of the most striking remains on Romney Marsh.

Midley church ruins romney marsh kent
the ruins of midley church on romney marsh kent south east England UK

Map: Midley Church Ruins View on Google Maps


Eastbridge Church Ruins

Eastbridge was a later medieval parish that stood between Ivychurch and Newchurch. It declined rapidly in the 16th century as water management changed and the local population moved away. The remains sit behind a cottage off Chapel Lane, half-hidden in scrub with a short footpath cut through the bushes to reach the site.

Easbridge church ruins Romney Marsh Kent
The ruins of Eastbridge church on the Romney Marsh Kent south east England UK

Map: Eastbridge Church Ruins (Chapel Lane) View on Google Maps


St Thomas à Becket, Fairfield

Fairfield is the complete contrast — a 13th-century church that survived while the other parishes vanished. Rebuilt in brick in the 1790s to replace the failing timber structure, it still stands alone in the fields and remains consecrated today. The drainage channels and wide open skies make it one of the most photogenic churches in Kent.

long exposure of clouds rolling over st thomas a becket church on the romney marsh
Rolling evening clouds over St Thomas A Becket Church on Romney Marsh Kent south east England UK

Full Post: St Thomas à Becket Church, Fairfield


Conclusion

Hope, Midley and Eastbridge all tell the same story: marshland, shifting water and the long decline of settlement across Romney Marsh. Fairfield tells the opposite — a parish that endured.

Together they form one of the most atmospheric and historically rich landscapes in the South East.


Related Posts

Broomhill Sands – East Sussex Coast
Long beach and shingle on the Romney Marsh edge.

Brookland Church – Timber Tower of Romney Marsh
One of the Marsh’s most distinctive standing churches.

St George’s Ivychurch – The Cathedral of the Marsh
A vast medieval church dominating the landscape.

Denge Sound Mirrors – Early Acoustic Defence
Historic concrete listening structures on the edge of the Marsh.

Scotney Castle – The Old Ruin and the Victorian House Above It

Introduction

Scotney Castle is unusual because it isn’t one building but two.
Down by the water sits the medieval Old Castle, once a fortified manor. Above it stands the 1830s New House, built deliberately to overlook the ruins. Together they form one of the most photographed estates in Kent.

Below is the short video showing both parts of the estate:

A wider look at Scotney: the Old Castle in the moat and the New House in the landscape.

Location on Google Maps
View Scotney Castle on Google Maps

All Map Locations Collection
Explore the full Sussex Photography map collection


History

The Old Castle dates to the mid-14th century, when Kent was vulnerable to coastal raids during the Hundred Years’ War. It was never a full fortress, but a moated, defensible manor built to protect the family and estate during periods of instability.

scotney castle kilnwood kent
Scotney castle

By the 1830s the Hussey family wanted a modern home, so the New House was built on the hill. Rather than demolish the medieval structure, they turned it into a romantic garden feature. The valley below was landscaped so that the ruins were always the centre of the view from the new house.


Exploring the Site

The Old Castle:
Only part of the original structure survives – the gate tower, a hall range wall and the moat. Time, water and ivy soften the remaining stonework, making it one of the most recognisable scenes in the region.

The New House:
A classic Victorian country house built for comfort, with long views across the valley. The design intentionally frames the Old Castle, showing how 19th-century landscaping turned medieval remains into a feature rather than a burden.

The Grounds:
Lakes, woodland paths, and carefully planted slopes connect both buildings. The entire estate is a managed blend of medieval history and Victorian landscaping.


Practical Info

Location:
Scotney Castle, near Lamberhurst, Kent (National Trust).

Access:
Paid National Trust entry. Parking on site. Easy walking across the gardens.

Best Time to Visit:
Spring for rhododendrons, summer for reflections in the moat, autumn for colours around the valley, winter for clear views of the ruin.

Nearby:

St Thomas à Becket Church, Fairfield – A Survivor on the Marsh

Introduction

St Thomas à Becket at Fairfield is the church most people recognise instantly from Romney Marsh — a single, isolated building in the middle of vast grazing fields, with sheep, water channels and open landscape stretching in every direction.

Although the other medieval parishes around here vanished centuries ago, Fairfield survived. The result is a site that feels both historic and photographic at the same time: part heritage, part natural sculpture.

Here’s the YouTube Short that introduces the location:

A short walk across the fields brings you right up to the church, and on the right light it becomes one of the most rewarding photographic spots anywhere in Kent.

Location on Google Maps:
All Map Locations:


The Story of St Thomas à Becket, Fairfield

Most of Romney Marsh’s medieval parishes didn’t survive. Places like Hope, Midley and Eastbridge were abandoned by the 1500s as flooding, drainage problems and shifting settlement patterns emptied the land.

Fairfield, however, took a different path.

13th-century origins

The original church was built in the 13th century, constructed on wooden piles driven into the marshy ground. It served a tiny farming community long since faded from the map.

1790s reconstruction

By the late 1700s the old timber-framed structure was failing, and the whole building was rebuilt in brick around 1792–1800. The interior fittings — including the Georgian box pews and pulpit — were brought here from a church in Snargate.

Still consecrated today

Despite its isolation, the church remains consecrated and still holds occasional services. It’s one of the only original marsh churches to stand more or less untouched by development.

A landscape shaped by water

Drainage channels, sheep fields and open skies dominate the area. At certain times of year, when the fields are saturated or flooded, the church appears to float above the reflections — one of the reasons it has become such a magnet for photographers.


A Photographer’s Gem

Photographically, Fairfield is exceptional because it offers:

Wide compositions

There is almost nothing around it. Every direction gives clean framing with long lead-ins, perfect for both stills and video.

long exposure of clouds rolling over st thomas a becket church on the romney marsh
Rolling evening clouds over St Thomas A Becket Church on Romney Marsh Kent south east England UK

Minimalism and mood

Cloud cover, mist, and winter light create soft tonal transitions that suit:

  • long exposure
  • black and white
  • pastel colour edits
  • silhouettes against dusk

360-degree access

The path allows the whole building to be photographed from every angle without obstruction.

Long-exposure potential

On calm days, the drainage ditches reflect the church beautifully. On windy days, long exposures turn the grass and clouds into soft textured motion.

Seasonal variation

Winter gives you saturated marsh colours and dramatic skies.
Summer gives you dry grass, warm tones and clear geometry.

Your long-exposure shots of the church fit exactly into this environment — a quiet, timeless landscape where the Marsh seems to pause itself for the camera.


Practical Info

Location:
Fairfield, Romney Marsh, Kent — in the fields west of Newchurch and north of Lydd.

Official Information: For historical background, service details and the church’s preserved status, visit the Romney Marsh Historic Churches Trust page for Fairfield. It’s the most accurate and up-to-date source on St Thomas à Becket Church.

Access:
Park at the lay-by on Fairfield Road (TQ 949 275), then follow the footpath across the fields. The route is flat but can be very muddy in winter.

If you want to go inside the church the key can be recovered from the cottage nearby on the side of the road.

Best Time to Visit:

  • Early morning for soft light over the marsh
  • Late afternoon for warm sidelight
  • Winter and early spring for reflections in the drainage channels
  • Calm days for long-exposure photography

Nearby:

  • Brookland Church – Unique detached timber tower and medieval interior.
  • St George’s Ivychurch – Known as the “Cathedral of the Marsh.”
  • Broomhill Sands – Wide beach and shingle for coastal photography.